The Global Leadership of Carlos Ghosn at Nissan Essay -- Business Niss

The Global Leadership of Carlos Ghosn at Nissan In 1999, the Nissan was suffering under a decade of decline and unprofitability, in fact the company was on the verge of bankruptcy, with continuous loses for the past eight years resulting in debts of approx. $22 billion. Elements impacting Nissan’s performance prior to the global alliance with Renault Internal factors: Emphasis on short-term market share growth instead of a long term success strategy; Advanced engineering and technology, plant productivity, quality management. However, less attention was given to design and innovation, on the assumption that consumers were looking for quality and safety. This implies a lack of knowledge of the market, consumer’s changing tastes, and showed that Nissan management did not pay too much attention to what competition was doing. External factors: The devaluation of yen from 100 to 90 yen for a US dollar; Moody’s and Standard & Poors’s rating agencies announced in 1999 that Nissan would be lowered from investment grade to junk unless it could not get any financial support. Both formal and informal internal procedural Nissan norms, as well as Japanese cultural norms were holding the company back. Through keiretsu investments Nissan management believed would foster loyalty and cooperation between members of the value chain, hence they invested in real estate and suppliers’ companies. 4 billion US dollars were invested in stock shares of other companies as part of keiretsu philosophy. Nissan Company strategic alliance with French auto car manufacturer Renault was mutually beneficial for both companies, each of them expanding portfolio and becoming more competitive in the context of globalized mature automobile market. With Renault assuming a stake of 36.8% at Nissan, the latter would retain its investment grade status. The alliance enabled Renault to penetrate and expand in international markets that it was looking for - Asia and North America. In turn, Nissan would gain market share in South America. The Japanese car manufacturer agreed to the Global Alliance Agreement in March 1991, provided it would keep the company’s name, the Nissan Board of Directors would select the CEO, and it would also be responsible for implementing the company’s revival plan. The Renault alliance with Nissan injected the needed cash and revolutionized the stagnated ... ...tomakers with an 11.1% operating profit margin and more than 21% ROIC . A future customer-focused plan, Quality 3-3-3 is to be implemented as of 2005, with emphasis on three categories of quality: product attractiveness, product initial quality and reliability, and sales & service quality. The key success factors of the Nissan turnaround were: 1. Vision. The meaningful progress achieved was due to the vision that Ghosn successfully shared at all levels of the company that was clear and adopted. 2. Strategy. Management’s responsibility was to define the business strategy, and make sure it is deployed at every level of the company; everybody knew what was the contribution that was expected from him or from her for the company. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people committed to the turnaround from the top: personal commitment, team commitment coming from the top down. For sure the changes were not easy to implement, but the clear vision brought that people were motivated to bring to life, and the results that showed off rapidly, gave Ghosn credibility, making people feel safe about the company. The vision, strategy, commitment and results guaranteed the success of Nissan’s turnaround.

Health care market

Health care is a complex of different kinds of services, supplies and cares which can be related to health of a person. It also includes therapeutic, diagnostic, preventive, maintenance (palliative care), as well as counseling. It also includes dispensing of prescribed medicines and their sale. (Glossary of Common Terms p.1)Classical concept of market, which supposes presence of the customer and the seller, who possess definite values and are ready to enter into mutually beneficial exchange, allows to examine sphere of health care as health care market of medical services (The health care marketplace p.1), which can be divided into three sub-markets, which are mutually connected.â€Å"Throughout the health sector – from service delivery, consulting, financing and pharmaceuticals to biotech and genetics – the business of health care has become increasingly complex† (Health sector management p.1) [Table 1]1. The governmental health care market.Governmental sector i s not very big. Medical service here is examined as social good, from using of which have advantages all citizens. Economical relations between government and medical institutions are characterized as relations in favor of the third party: medical institution is a manufacturer of medical services, and the government is the buyer, whereas population of country uses those services (in case the citizens are insured, they can use medical service).In relation to this fact, the government cannot completely estimate quality and quantity of services, which are needed by the buyer.Population, as real consumer, cannot influence the level of payment for services and medical establishments, because demand for services from his side is not solvent.The government also â€Å"pays for about half the health care purchased in this country, through the national health insurance for the poor and elderly known as Medicaid and Medicare.† (Sheldon Richman, p.1)2. Insurance marketSellers of medical services in the insurance market are medical institutions, and the buyers are citizens which have formal insurance. But receiving services doesn’t accompanied by exchange of values between medical institutions and citizens who have insurance, – receiving of medical help is guaranteed in correspondence with contract of insurance, concluded between insurer and consumer.Taking into account these circumstances, receiver of medical service is a person, who has insurance, but he isn’t a payer for the seller- for medical institution, and he doesn’t have market value, because he doesn’t pay for service himself. The direct payer – the insurer – is not a participant of market relations, because he doesn’t participate in processes of exchange at the health care market.Besides division of commodity and money flows, health insurance market actually has no competitors in prices, because actually the process of payment and conditions of servi ces provided is executed within the limits of territorial program by firmly established rates.Another point that there is no competitors is that the patient from the first time of entering medical establishment chooses this medical institution and is limited in receiving medical services within the limits of that definite program of that definite medical institution, because he has a list of medical establishments, which provide service accordingly to his insurance.We cannot not to notice one important advantage: health care insurance market differs from that of health market, which demands payment for medical services, because the person, who has insurance of such definite medical establishment doesn’t need any additional money to pay for medical service, in case the disease or accident is indicated in his insurance.Another point is that in the future, in case the patient is fully satisfied with service provided, he can become a constant patient, which uses additional servic es of that definite medical institution, which are not included in his insurance.In such a way health care insurance market makes a good job for medical institutions, because in accordance with statistics, expenses for attracting of new consumer are five times more of those, which you spent for preserving the consumer you already have and who is already using your medical service.Among the largest health insurance programs in USA is Medicare program   (Medicare Program, p.1)3. The health care market of payable services.The patients here are the consumers and they are ready and are able to pay for medical first-rate service, and doctors or medical institutions are the sellers, and their interests are connected with reimbursement of expenses and getting profit. Because of constant increase of competition at this market, they create conditions for constant improving of service quality, search of new products and technologies as well as strict single-out of ineffective strategies and participants of the market.Level of proposition depends on ability of medical institution to react flexibly on the constantly increasing demand: in order to increase or to decrease quantity of necessary services. Unfortunately, such flexibility is not always possible, because nowadays this niche of health care market occupy medical institutions, which have different forms of property, different subordination and channels of financing, so even in market conditions volume of proposed services not always depends on their actual manufacturer.But exactly on manufacturer depends choice of that combination of directed parameters, which are called complex of marketing (service or complex of services, price, providing a service to the consumer, way of proposition and promotion of service, personnel of medical establishment, etc), manipulating with which organization tries to satisfy demands of patients in the best way and to turn income into real increase of service quality.

Theories Regarding The Dynamics Of Battering Spouses

ABSTRACT This paper is written about which theories regarding the dynamics of battering spouses. In this report you will be able to identify the theory’s I have linked to believe may be part or contribute to the abuser. There are numerous theories to explain why men batter women, in fact, there are so many theory’s in this textbook that are devoted to explaining them. As you will read, we were directed to research outside of our content. Even though no one theory prevails, professionals should be aware of the more common and well-known studies of intimate partner abuse. In which our textbook mention and includes, studies of social stress, power, dependency, alcohol, pregnancy, and marriage (pg. 129). Traumatic Bonding Theory If we knew the causes of intimate partner abuse, we could correct them. To date, no one has yet come forward with a definite answer to this problem. However, numerous scholars in different professions have studied this form of family violence and have developed a variety of reasons or causes for this type of abuse. Although several theories and studies exist in the area of intimate partner abuse, space dictates that only a few of the more well-known theories can be discussed (118). In the traumatic bonding theory basically is that helplessness and depression will develop within the victim. In such theory, the victim will learn to choose actions that will be successful in fading the abuse and they will become accustomed to such behaviorsShow MoreRelatedHunyango Sa Bato - Abdon Balde Jr.6135 Words   |  25 PagesDomestic violence, also known as  domestic abuse,  spousal abuse,  battering,  family violence, and  intimate partner violence (IPV), is de fined as a pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another in an  intimate relationship  such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation.[1]  Domestic violence, so defined, has many forms, including physical aggression or assault (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, throwing objects), or threats thereof;  sexual abuse;  emotional abuse;Read MoreDomestic Violence Essay4463 Words   |  18 PagesExecutive Summary The question of why men or women abuse and why men and women are reluctant to end abusive relationships may seem abstract, but theories have important implications how to understand the problem (Sampson, 2006). â€Å"An ecological perspective conceptualizes violence as a complex problem rooted in the interactions among various factors at the individual, family and community/societal levels of an individual’s environment (WHO, 2002). Learned helplessness has been applied toRead MoreTheoretical Approaches to Domestic Violence7490 Words   |  30 Pagessense and hard and painful action against the wholeness of the human body from outside (ÃÅ"nsal, 1996:29). A basic assumption regarding violence is that it is only possible where there are the powerful and the powerless. An important point to consider is which factors create the powerful and the powerless. Turpin and Kurtz (1996) define a number of problems with the current theories on violence. First, the traditional disciplinary approaches obscure the problem of violence even as they have also clarifiedRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 Pagesdifferences in the terminology and language used to explain and define domestic violence. This is often attributable to the way in which a particular society deals with and politicises the issue. American research may use the term ‘spousal abuse ‘or ‘battering’ whilst in the UK, ‘domestic violence’ or ‘domestic abuse’ is more commonplace. There are also major differences in the way in which this type of abuse is explained, accounted for and dealt with. However for the purposes of this research, literatureRead MoreFilipino Adolescents in Changing Times*10342 Words   |  42 Pagesits curricular emphasis. D. Media The media has truly become a surrogate parent to the youth providing programs to watch, music to listen to, favorite pop idols and reading materials. It has been the youth’s touchstone and source of authority regarding what is right and wrong and what is important, according to a study by Ogena (2001) that compared young people’s shifting lifestyles in the 1970s to the 1990s. Despite the shift away from home-based leisure activities, compared to data from a 1987